Buchenwald was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees.
Location: Weimar, Germany
Operated by: Schutzstaffel
Commandant: Karl-Otto Koch (1 August 1937 – July 1941) · Hermann Pister (1942–1945)
Operational: 15 July 1937 – 11 April 1945
Number of inmates: 280,000
Killed: 56,545
Liberated by: 6th Armored Division, United States Army
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