Henderson is a city in and the county seat of Chester County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,309 at the 2010 census, up from 5,670 at the 2000 census. Henderson was platted in 1857, when the railroad was extended to that point. The city takes its name from Henderson County, Tennessee. Henderson was called Dayton until the Civil War, when it then became known as Henderson Station and, finally, Henderson.