The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email ...

A protocol stack is a prescribed hierarchy of software layers, starting from the application layer at the top (the source of the data being sent) to the data link layer at the bottom (transmitting ...

As applications and protocols in this space become more complex and featureful in order to meet the needs of actual users and use cases, this presents a dilemma that fundamentally has only two real ...

The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) seven-layer reference model is a framework for data communications. As seen in previous chapters, security can be breached by exploiting the flaws and weaknesses of ...