[21] The copper bound to albumin and peptides not including ceruloplasmin is known as nonceruloplasmin-bound copper or "free copper." This typically amounts to ~10% of the total serum or plasma ...

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency ... % of causes related to Wilson disease, ceruloplasmin levels are observed to be below the standard range. CUS1 Test: Copper, Serum, is utilized as the initial ...