Europe: 19th century - Smarthistory
The 19th century saw wide-scale industrialization and urbanization in Europe. Becoming modern; What was the Industrial Revolution? Styles and media
Journeys in the 19th-century European world - Smarthistory
The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars cast a long shadow over Europe in the 19th century. After facing the rise of the charismatic autocratic Napoleon, and the prospect of …
Empires and their endings in the late 18th and 19th centuries
Central to the development of art in nineteenth-century Europe was a shift in thinking during the eighteenth century, known as the Enlightenment, that championed reason as means to …
Becoming modern in 19th-century Europe, an introduction
Here are some important features that characterize 19th-century Europe. Capitalism. In the 19th century, wealth produced by mass-manufacturing and the exchange of goods (capitalism) …
Smarthistory – Japonisme
The late-nineteenth century Western fascination with Japanese art directly followed earlier European fashions for Chinese and Middle Eastern decorative arts, known respectively as …
Romanticism in France - Smarthistory
Like most forms of Romantic art, nineteenth-century French Romanticism defies easy definitions. Artists explored diverse subjects and worked in varied styles so there is no single form of …
A wider world in 19th-century Europe - Smarthistory
Why were Japanese woodblock prints and Japanese culture, in general, so important in nineteenth-century Europe? Why did painters like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin feel …
19th-Century European Art Syllabus - Smarthistory
19th-Century European Art Syllabus. This 13-unit course focuses on artists in Europe during the 19th century. It addresses themes related to aesthetic, social, and political changes. It also …
Smarthistory – Realism
You've likely seen this glassy-eyed late 19th Century barmaid before, but what can we make of this painting today? Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère Manet turns the tables—or in …
Smarthistory – Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise
On the surface, Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise captures a quiet morning in the port of Le Havre, but a closer look at the work offers insight into many changes taking place in 19th …